Steven M. Raikin, M.D.

Dr. Raikin is the Director of Foot and Ankle services and a Professor of Orthopaedic Surgery at Thomas Jefferson Medical College. He is board certified in Orthopaedic Surgery and specializes in the treatment of elective and traumatic disorders of the foot and ankle.
Office Locations
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Bensalem, PA
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Center City Philadelphia
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Marlton, NJ
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Riverview Surgical Center
-
Rothman Orthopaedic Specialty Hospital
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Thomas Jefferson University Hospital
Surgical Locations
Professional Profile
- M.D., University of Witwatersrand Medical School, South Africa
- Orthopaedic Residency, The Mount Sinai Medical Center, Cleveland, OH
- Fellowships, Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Surgery, Union Memorial Hospital and Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre at Oxford University, England
- Director of Foot and Ankle Services, Rothman Orthopaedic Institute
- Professor of Orthopaedic Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital
- Board Certified, Orthopaedic Surgery
- Thomas Jefferson University Hospital
- Riverview Surgery Center
- Rothman Specialty Hospital
- Pennsylvania Medical Society
- Jefferson Orthopaedic Society
- Pennsylvania Orthopaedic Society
- American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons
- American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society
- American Board of Orthopaedic Surgeons
Physician Assistants
- All Locations
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Publications
Publications
- Fresh osteochondral allografts for large-volume cystic osteochondral defects of
the talus.
Raikin S.M.
J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2009 Dec;91(12):2818-26.
- Osteochondral Lesions of the Distal Tibial Plafond: Localization and Morphologic Characteristics with an Anatomical Grid.
Elias I, Raikin S.M., Schweitzer ME, Besser MP, Morrison WB, Zoga AC.
Foot Ankle Int. 30(6): 524-529
- Prediction of midfoot instability in the subtle Lisfranc injury. Comparison of magnetic resonance imaging with intraoperative findings.
Raikin S.M., Elias I, Dheer S, Besser MP, Morrison WB, Zoga AC
J Bone Joint Surg Am. 91(4):892-9, 2009.
- Outcomes of Chronic Insertional Achilles Tendenosis Using FHL Autograft through a Single Incision.
Elias I, Raikin S.M., Besser M.P., Nazarian L.N.
Foot Ankle Int. 30(3): 197-204, 2009
- Intrashealth Subluxation of the peroneal tedndons: Surgical Technique.
Raikin S.M.
J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2009 Mar 1;91 Suppl 2 Pt 1:146-55.
- Bioabsorbable Screw Fixation of the Syndesmosis in unstable ankle injuries.
Ahmad J, Raikin S.M., Pour AE, Haytmanek C.
Foot Ankle Int. 30(2):99-105., 2009
- MRI of injuries to the first interosseous cuneometatarsal (Lisfranc) ligament.
Macmahon PJ, Dheer S, Raikin S.M., Elias I, Morrison WB, Kavanagh EC, Zoga A.
Skeletal Radiol. 38(3):255-60., 2009
- Surgical Technique.Comparison of arthrodesis and metallic hemiarthroplasty of the hallux metatarsophalangeal joint.
Raikin S.M., Ahmad J.
J Bone Joint Surg Am. 90 Suppl 2 Pt 2:171-80., 2008
- Acute posterior tibial tendon tear in an ice-hockey player: a case report.
Jacoby SM, Slauterbeck JR, Raikin S.M.
Foot Ankle Int. 2008 Oct;29(10):1045-8.
- An approach to the failed ankle arthrodesis.
Raikin S.M., Rampuri V
Foot Ankle Clin. Sep;13(3):401-16, 2008.
- Ankle arthrodesis: the simple and the complex.
Ahmad J, Raikin S.M.
Foot Ankle Clin. Sep;13(3):381-400, 2008
- Magnetic resonance imaging findings in bipartite medial cuneiform - a potential pitfall in diagnosis of midfoot injuries: a case series.
Elias I, Dheer S, Zoga AC, Raikin SM, Morrison WB
J Med Case Reports. 2(1):272, 2008
- Intrasheath Subluxation of the Peroneal Tendons
Raikin S.M., Elias I, Nazarian L.N.
J Bone Joint Surg Am. 90 (5):992-999, 2008
- Mycobacterium fortuitum Infection Following Primary Achilles Tendon Debridement with Flexor Hallucis Longus Augmentation: A Case Report
Jacoby S.M., Sivalingam J.J., Raikin S.M.
Foot Ankle Int. 29(5): 538-41 ,2008
- The Association of a Varus Hindfoot and Fracture of the Fifth Metatarsal Metaphyseal-Diaphyseal Junction: The Jones Fracture.
Raikin S.M., Slenker N, Ratigan B.
Am J Sports Med. 2008 Apr 28.
- Bone stress injury of the ankle in professional ballet dancers seen on MRI
Elias I, Zoga A.C., Raikin S.M., Peterson J.R., Besser M.P., Morrison W.B., Schweitzer M.E.
BMC Musculoskelet Disord. Mar 28;9(1):39, 2008
- Reconstruction for Missed or Neglected Achilles Tendon Rupture with V-Y Lengthening and Flexor Hallucis Longus Tendon Transfer through One Incision
Elias I., Besser M., Nazarian L.N., Raikin S.M.
Foot Ankle Int. 28(12): 1238-1248, 2007
- Resection of Comminuted Ulna Head Fragments With Soft Tissue Reconstruction When Asssociated with Distal Radius Fractures.
Seitz WH, Jr, Raikin S.M.
Tech Hand Up Extrem Surg. 11(4):224-230, 2007
- The Modified use of a Proximal Humeral Locking Plate for Tibiotalarcalcaneal Fusion
Ahmad J., Pour E.E., Raikin S.M.
Foot Ankle Int. 28(9): 977-984, 2007
- A comparisone of arthrodesis and metallic hemiarthroplasty of the hallux metatarsophalangeal joint.
Raikin S.M., Ahmad J., Pour A.E., Abidi N.A.
J Bone Joint Surg Am. 89(9):1979-85, 2007
- Incidence and Morphologic Characteristics of Benign Calcaneal Cystic Lesions on MRI
Elias I, Zoga AC, Raikin S.M., Schweitzer ME, Morrison WB
Foot Ankle Int 28(6): 707-714, 2007
- A Specific Bone Marrow Edema around the Foot and Ankle Following Trauma and Immobilization Therapy: Pattern Description and Potential Clinical Relevance
Elias I, Zoga AC, Schweitzer ME, Ballehr L, Morrison WB, Raikin S.M.
Foot Ankle Int 28 (4): 463-471, 2007
- Tendon transfers and realignment osteotomies for treatment of stage II Posterior tibial tendon dysfunction.
DePaulo M, Raikin S.M.
Foot Ankle Clinics, 12 (2): 273-285, 2007
- Osteochondral Lesions of the Talus - Localization and Morphologic Data from 424 Patients Using a Novel Anatomical Grid Scheme
Raikin S.M., Elias I, Zoga AC, Morrosin WB, Bessler MP, Schweitzer ME.
Foot Ankle Int. 28 (2): 154-161, 2007
- MRI of rupture of the spring ligament complex with talo-cuboid impaction.
Kavanagh EC, Koulouris G, Gopez A, Zoga A, Raikin S, Morrison WB.
Skeletal Radiol. 36(6):555-8, 2007
- Current Concepts Review : Talar Fractures
Ahmad J, Raikin S.M.
Foot Ankle Int. 27 (6): 475-82, 2006
- Avoiding and Managing Complications of the Agility Total Ankle Replacement System
Raikin S.M., Myerson M.S.
Orthopedics 29: 931- 38, 2006
- Osteochondral Lesions of the Talus: Change in MRI Findings Over Time in Talar Lesions Without Operative Intervention and Implications for Staging Systems
Elias I, Jung J.W., Raikin S.M. , Schweitzer M.W., Carrino J.A., Morrison W.B.
Foot Ankle Int. 27(3):157-166, 2006
- Osteonecrosis of the Talus ; 2nd Metatarsal and Navicular
Ahmad J., Raikin S.M.
Current Opinion in Orthopedics 17(2): 103-110, 2006
- Neuropathic arthropathy of the foot with and without superimposed osteomyelitis: MR imaging characteristics
Ahmadi ME, Morrison WB, Carrino JA, Schweitzer ME, Raikin SM, Ledermann
Radiology. 238(2):622-31, 2006
- Bioabsorbable inplants in the foot and ankle
Raikin S.M., Chang A.
Foot & Ankle Clinics 10(4): 667-684, 2005
- Bilateral Simultaneous Fasciotomy for Chronic Exertional Compartment Syndrome
Raikin S.M., Rampuri V, Vitanzo P.
Foot Ankle Int. 26(12), 1007-1011, 2005
- Local Bone Grafrt harvested from the Distal Tibial or Calcaneus for surgery of the foot and ankle.
Raikin S.M., Brislin B.
Foot Ankle Int. 26(6): 449-453, 2005
- Dynamic Sonographic evaluation of peroneal tendon subluxation
Neustadter J, Raikin S.M., Nazarian LN
Am J Roentgenology. 183(4): 985-8, 2004
- Sage VI: massive osteochondral defects of the talus.
Raikin S.M.
Foot Ankle Clin. 2004 Dec;9(4):737-44.
- The Accessory Navicular
Ugolini P.A., Raikin S.M.
Foot and Ankle Clinics 9(1): 165-80, 2004
- MRI of an Intratendenous Ganglion Cyst of the Peroneaus Brevis Tendon
Costa CR, Morrison WB, Carrino JA, Raikin S.M.
Am J Roentgenol. 181(3): 890-891, 2003
- Arthrodesis of the 4th & 5th Tarsometatarsal Joints
Raikin S.M., Schon LC
Foot Ankle Int. 24(8): 584-90, 2003
- Lisfranc fracture-dislocation in a football player.
Harwood, M , Raikin, S.M.
J Am Board Fam Pract 16 (1):69-72, 2003
- Tendon Involvement in Pedal Infections: MR analysis of frequency, distribution and spread of infection.
Ledermann HP, Morrison WB, Schweitzer ME, Raikin, SM
Am J Radiology: 179(4): 939-947, 2002
- Failed Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome Surgery
Raikin S.M., Minnich J.M.
Foot and Ankle Clinics: 8(1): 159-74, 2003
- Arthrodesis of the Ankle : Arthroscopic, Mini Open and Open Techniques
Raikin, S.M.
Foot and Ankle Clinics 8(2) : 347-359, 2003
- Nerve Injuries in the Industrial Setting
Raikin S.M.
Foot and Ankle Clinics 7 (2) : 351-66, 2002
- Failure of Triple Arthrodesis
Raikin S.M.
Foot and Ankle Clinics: 7(1) 121-134, 2002
- Biomechanical Evaluation of the Ability of Casts and Braces to Immobilize the Ankle and Hindfoot
Raikin S.M., Parks B.G., Knoll K.H., Schon L.C.
Foot and Ankle International 22(3): 214-219, 2001
- Nerve Entrapment Syndromes in the Foot & Ankle of Athletes
Raikin S.M., Schon L.C.
Sports Medicine and Arthroscopy Review 8(4): 387-394, 2000
- Technical Tip : A Technique for Harvesting Bone Graft for Arthrodesis Around the Ankle
Raikin S.M. ; Myerson M.S.
Foot & Ankle International 21 (9): 778, 2000
- The Effect of Nicotine on the Rate and Strength of Long Bone Fractures in Rabbits.
Raikin S.M.; Landsman J.C.; Alexander V.A.; Froimson M.I.; Plaxton N.
Mosby Year Book 1999, 72-73, Mosby
- Combined Internal and Circular Frame External Fixation for Intra articular tibial fractures
Raikin S.M.; Froimson M.I.
Orthopedics 22(11): 1019-1028, 1999
- Surgical Reconstruction of the Deltoid Ligament of the Ankle
Raikin S.M., Myerson MS
Foot and Ankle Clinics, 4(4): 745-754, 1999
- Excision Interposition Arthroplasty for the Correction of Lesser Toe Deformity
Loxdale PH, Raikin SM, Lavis GA, Cooke PH, Sneath R
Accepted for publication : Foot and Ankle Surgery (UK)
- The Divot Sign : A New Observation in Anterior Impingement of the Ankle.
Raikin SM, Cooke PH
Foot and Ankle International 20 (8): 532, 1999
Remote Analysis of Traumatic Musculoskeletal Radiographs Transmitted by
Electronic Mail (e-mail).
Raikin, S.M. ; Bley, L.A. ; Leb, R.B.
Journal of Orthopaedic Trauma 13(7): 516-519, 1999
- Split Flexor Hallucis Longus Tendon Interposition Following Medial Facet Talocalcaneal Coalition Resection
Raikin S. ; Thompson G.H. ; Cooperman D.R.
Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery 81A (1): 11-19, 1999
- The Effect of Nicotine on the Rate and Strength of Long Bone Fractures in Rabbits.
Raikin S.M.; Landsman J.C.; Alexander V.A.; Froimson M.I.; Plaxton N.
Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research 353: 231-237, 1998
- Interosseous Gouty Invasion of the Talus
Raikin S.M. ; Cohn B.T.
Foot and Ankle International 18 (7): 439-442, 1997
- Bilateral Brachial Plexus Compressive Neuropathy
Raikin S.M.; Froimson M.I.
Journal of Orthopaedic Trauma 11(2): 136-137, 1997
- Book Chapters
- Minimally Invasive Ankle Arthrodesis
Ahmad J, Raikin S.M.
Minimally Invasive Surgery in Orthopedics
Springer Media, LLC, 2010
- Forefoot Disorders
Raikin S.M.
AAOS Comprehensive Orthopaedic Review
AAOS press, 2009
- Imaging of the foot and ankle
Raikin S.M.
Orthopaedic Knowledge Update – Foot & Ankle
4th Edition, 2008
- Infections of the Foot
Raikin S.M.
Othopaedic Knowledge Update – Foot & Ankle
3rd Edition, 2004
- Sports Injuries to the Foot and Ankle
Raikin S.M. and Schon L.C.
Evarts Operative Orthopaedics
(in press)
- Chapter / Journal Editor
- Foot and Ankle Clinics
Guest Editor
Ankle Arthritis – September 2008
- Journal Reviewer
Journal Bone Joint Surgery
Journal American Academy Orthopaedic Surgery
Clinical Orthopaedics and Releated Research (CORR)
Foot and Ankle International
- Orthopaedic Knowledge Update
8th Edition, 2006
Lower Extremity Section Editor
- Foot and Ankle Clinics
Guest Editor
The Talus – December 2004
- Foot and Ankle International
Associate Editor
- Foot and Ankle International
Current Concepts and Topical Reviews
Editorial Committee Member
- Poster Presentations
- Utilization of Magnetic Resonance imaging is assessing instability of the subtle Lisfranc Injury.
AAOS Annual meeting
Las Vegas, NV 2009
- Tibial Osteochondral Lesions – location and morphology
24th AOFAS Annual meeting
Denver, CO 2008
- Syndesmotic fixation using bioabsorbable screws.
AAOS Annual meeting
San Francisco, CA 2008
- Bioabsorbable Fixation of Syndesmotic Injuries
23rd AOFAS Annual Summer Meeting
Toronto, ON 2007
- Use of Dynamic Contrast-enhanced MR Imaging (DCEMRI) for Evaluation of Diabetic Foot Infection.
90th Annual Meeting of the Radiological Society of North America,
Chicago, IL 2004.
- Dynamic Ultrasound for diagnosis of Subluxation of the Peroneal Tendons
20th AOFAS Annual Summer Meeting
Seattle, WA 2004
- Evaluation of Previously Published Staging Systems of Osteochondral Lesions of the Talus in Follow-Up MR Imaging of Non-Surgically Treated Ankles.
International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine Annual Meeting
Toronto, ON, Canada, 2003.
- Mobility Characteristics of Total Ankle Designs
Scientific Exhibit : AAOS 67th Annual Meeting
Orlando, FL 2000
- Excision Interposition Arthroplasty of the Proximal Phalyngeal Joint for Hammertoe Deformity
AAOS 67th Annual Meeting
Orlando, FL 2000
- Emerging Technology: Remote Analysis of Musculoskeletal Radiographs Transmitted By
Electronic Mail (e.mail)
Orthopedic Trauma Society Annual Meeting
Vancouver, Canada, 1998
- Scientific Presentations (Podium)
- Prediction of midfoot instability in the subtle Lisfranc injury. Comparison of magnetic resonance imaging with intraoperative findings.
AOFAS Summer meeting
Vancouver, 2009
- Outcomes of Chronic Insertional Achilles Tendenosis Using FHL Autograft through a Single Incision.
AOFAS Summer meeting
Vancouver, 2009
- Avoiding wound healing complications
Eastern Orthopaedic Association
Bahamas, 2009
- MRI evaluation of midfoot stability for suttle Lisfranc injuries
Jefferson Orthopaedic Society, 2009
- A Comparison of Outcomes of Bimalleolar and Trimalleolar Ankle Fractures
AOFAS Speciality Day @ AAOS Annual meeting
Las Vegas, NV 2009
- Intrasheath Subluxation of the Peroneal Tendons
AAOS 75th Annual meeting
San Francisco, CA 2008
- Peroneal Tendon Pseudo-Subluxation: Intrasheath Subluxation of the Peroneal Tendons
AOFAS Annual Summer Meeting
Toronto, ON 2007
- The Association of a Varus Hindfoot and fracture of the fifth metatarsal metaphyseal-diaphyseal junction: The Jone Fracture
AOFAS Annual Summer Meeting
Toronto, ON 2007
- Achilles Tendon Rupture
Grand Round – Thomas Jefferson University Hospital 2007
- Total Ankle Arthroplasty - Update 2007
Grand Rounds – UMDJN 2007
- Reconstruction of Extensive Tarsal Coalitions
Foot and Ankle Update
Steamboat Springs, CO 2007
AOFAS Summer Meeting
LaJolla, CA, 2006
AOFAS Summer Meeting
LaJolla, CA 2006
- Morphology and location of Osteochondral Lesions of the Talus on MRI
AOFAS Annual Winter Meeting
Chicargo, IL 2006
- Osteochondral Defects of the Talar Dome: Morphology and Frequency by location on MRI
American Roentgen Ray Society 105th Annual Meeting
New Orleans, LA 2005
- Arthroereisis: Indications and Imaging
Morrison WB, Elias I, Zoga AC, Raikin SM.
Society of Skeletal Radiology Annual Meeting
Orlando, FL, 2005
- Lateral Calcaneocuboid Ligament Ruptures Immitating Talocrural ligament Injuries Diagnosed with a Passive Motion Device Using MRI
American Roentgen Ray Society 105th Annual Meeting
New Orleans, LA 2005
- Reconstruction of Missed Achilles Tendon Ruptures with V-Y lengthening and FHL transfer through one Incision
AOFAS Annual Summer Meeting
Boston, MA 2005
- Bilateral Simultaneous Fasciotomy for Chronic Exertional Compartment Syndrome
AOFAS Annual Summer Meeting
Seattle, WA 2004
- Massive Osteochondral Lesions of the Talus Treated with Bulk Allografts
AAOS (AOFAS specialty day)
San Francisco, CA 2004
- Distal Tibial and Calcaneal Bone grafts in foot and ankle surgery
AOFAS Summer meeting
Hilton Head, SC 2003
- Imaging in Detection of Pedal Osteomyelitis in the Postoperative Patient
Mehta RI, Schweitzer ME, Morrison WB, Lederman HP, Raikin SM. Accuracy of MR.
103rd Annual Meeting of the American Roentgen Ray Society
San Diego, CA, 2003.
- Osteochondral Defects of the Talus: Change in MR Imaging Findings over Time in Lesion without Surgical Intervention.
Jung JW, Morrison WB, Carrino JA, Raikin SM.
103rd Annual Meeting of the American Roentgen Ray Society
San Diego, CA, 2003.
- Bone Marrow Edema Patterns on MR Images of the Ankle Following Immobilization. Ballehr LO, Morrison WB, Carrino JA, Schweitzer ME, Sanders TG, Raikin SM. 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Roentgen Ray Society
San Diego, CA, 2003.
- Accuracy of MR Imaging in Detection of Pedal Osteomyelitis in the Postoperative Patient.
Mehta R, Schweitzer ME, Morrison WB, Ledermann HP, Raikin SM.
International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine Annual Meeting
Toronto, ON, Canada, 2003
- Massive Osteochondral Lesions of the Talus
Union Foot and Ankle Meeting
Telluride, CO 2003
- Biomechanical Evaluation of the Ability of Casts and Braces to Immobilize the Ankle and Hindfoot
Comprehensive Foot and Ankle Course
Phoenix, AZ 2000
- Foot and Ankle Injuries in Runners
Philadelphia Distance Run
Philadelphia, PA 2000
- Biomechanical Evaluation of the Ability of Casts and Braces to Immobilize the Ankle and Hindfoot
AOFAS summer meeting
Vail, CO 2000
- Arthrodesis of the Fourth and Fifth Tarsometatarsal Joints of the Midfoot
Foot and Ankle Specialty day (AAOS)
Orlando, FL 2000
- Osteotomies and Arthrodeses for Malalignment of the Ankle, Hindfoot and Midfoot
Instructional Course Lecture
AAOS 67th Annual Meeting
Orlando, FL 2000
- Total Ankle Arthroplasty in the 21st Century
University of Chicago Orthopaedic Grand Rounds
Chicago, IL 1999
- The Effect of Nicotine of the Rate and Strength of Long Bone Fracture Healing
British Orthopaedic Foot Surgeons Society (BOFSS) Annual Meeting
Derby, England 1998
- Split FHL Tendon Interposition Following Medial Facet Subtalar Coalition Resection
Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre Grand Rounds
Oxford University, Oxford, England 1998
- Talocalcaneal Tarsal Coalition : Review and Management
Orthopaedic Grand Rounds
St. Lukes Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, 1998
- Assessment of Radiographs of the Foot and Ankle
Orthopaedic Surgery Department Meeting
Mt. Sinai Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, 1998
- Pre Emergency Room Management of Musculoskeletal Trauma
Emergency Medical Service (EMS) Citywide Conference
Cleveland, OH, 1998
- Emergency Room Management of Musculoskeletal Trauma
Emergency Medicine Department Grand Rounds
Mt. Sinai Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, 1998
- Remote Analysis of Traumatic Musculoskeletal Radiographs Transmitted by
Electronic Mail (e.mail)
Senior Thesis Presentation
Reviewer : M. Joyce, MD
Mt Sinai Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, 1998
- Split Flexor Hallucis Longus Tendon Interposition Following Medial Facet Talocalcaneal Coalition Resection
Pediatric Orthopaedic Society Republic of China Annual Meeting
Taipei, Taiwan, 1998
- Split Flexor Hallucis Longus Tendon Interposition Following Medial Facet Talocalcaneal Coalition Resection
English World Pediatric Orthopaedic Meeting
Sydney, Australia, 1998
- Charcot Neuroarthropathy of the Foot and Ankle
Special Grand Rounds Presentation
Mt Sinai Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, 1998
- Biomechanics of TKA Polyethylene Insert
Cleveland Orthopedic Society Presidents Lecture
Moderator : A. Burstein
Cleveland, OH, 1998
- Total Elbow Arthroplasty for High Velocity Injury to the Elbow
Johnson & Johnson Japanese Traveling Fellowship Meeting
Cleveland, OH, 1997
- The effect of Nicotine on the rate and strength of long bone fractures in Rabbits.
AAOS 64th Annual Meeting
San Francisco, CA, 1997
- Re-revision Arthroplasty for THA with Protrusio Acetabulum
Reich Lectureship : Moderator : A. Booth, MD.
Cleveland, OH, 1997
- Combined Internal and Circular Frame External Fixation for Intra articular tibial fractures
AAOS 63rd Annual Meeting
Atlanta, GA, 1996
- Reproducibility of Examination Findings of the Patellofemoral Joint
AAOS 63rd Annual Meeting
Atlanta, GA, 1996
- “The Foot That Hurts” - Common Problems of the Foot Presenting to PMDs.
Medical Grand Rounds , Mount Sinai Medical Center
Cleveland, OH, 1996
- Describing Traumatic Orthopaedic Injuries and Radiographs.
Emergency Department Teaching Rounds, Mount Sinai Medical Center
Cleveland, OH, 1996
- An approach to the Diagnosis and Treatment of Pes Planus due to Posterior Tibial tendon disruption.
Reich Lectureship - Moderator : S.Hansen M.D.
Cleveland, OH, 1996