| Type | Description | Symptoms | Causes & Risk Factors | Diagnosis | Treatment |
| Pincer | -Most common form of FAI. -Large or abnormally shaped femoral head is jammed into acetabulum often causing avulsion of the labrum. -(femoral head is not round and cannot rotate smoothly inside the acetabulum. A bump forms on the edge of the femoral head that grinds the cartilage inside the acetabulum) | -Intermittent pain in the front of the hip/groin -Pain worsens after excessive use of the hip or prolonged sitting -Stiffness -Difficulty walking up the stairs or uphill -Consistent dull ache with or without a catching or popping sensation -Sharp/stabbing pain with twisting or squatting | -Subtle abnormalities of the boney structures of the hip joint that occur during childhood development -Young athletes tend to work the hip more vigorously. As a result, they may experience and recognize the pain from FAI earlier than those who are less active. *It is important to note however, that exercise does not cause FAI *Little can be done to prevent the growth of boney abnormalities | -Physical examination & history -X-rays to identify excess bone on the acetabular rim or femoral head. *Weight bearing x-rays with special views are recommended for more accurate diagnosis. -MRI and MR arthrogram to reveal tears of labrum and articular cartilage as a result of the impingement. | Non-Surgical: -Local anesthetic injection -Modification of activity -NSAIDs -Physical therapy *Note: Non-surgical treatment methods typically fail to co control symptoms Surgical: -Closed (Hip arthroscopy) -Open (Femoral Acetabular Osteopathy) |
Cam | Abnormal shape or rotation of the acetabulum or socket causing an increase in contact between the femoral head and labrum, potentially leading to a labral tear. (Extra bone extends over the normal rim of the acetabulum) | ||||
Combined | Both the Pincer and CAM abnormalities are present |
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