The rotator cuff is a group of four muscles and their tendons that wrap around to form a “cuff” over the upper end of the arm at the shoulder. The rotator cuff helps guide the shoulder through many motions by allowing lift and rotation to the arm while stabilizing the ball of the shoulder within the socket. Unfortunately, a rotator cuff tear is not an uncommon problem and is a frequent cause of disability and pain in the adult population. A rotator cuff tear occurs when there is a tear or injury to one of the rotator cuff tendons.
Causes
| ACUTE | DEGENERATIVE |
| Fall on an outstretched arm | Wearing down of the tendon over time |
| Lifting a heavy object with a jerking motion | Repetitive Stress from doing the same motion over and over |
| Can occur with a broken collarbone | Lack of blood supply to the area |
| Can occur with a dislocated shoulder | Bone Spurs that lead to shoulder impingement |
Rotator Cuff Tendonitis is an inflammation of the tendons and bursa (bursitis) and occurs with repetitive overhead activity or overuse of the arm. This can contribute to the wearing down of the tendon and lead to a tear.
Common Symptoms
Acute - Occurs from a specific incident
- Intense pain may be felt
- Snapping sensation
- Immediate weakness in upper arm
Degenerative - Occurs over time
- Pain at rest
- Pain while lying on affected shoulder
- Weakness when lifting an object
- Pain while rotating the arm
- While moving your shoulder a crackling or crepitus sensation may be felt
- Some tears will not cause pain but weakness and other symptoms may be noted
Risk Factors
- Jobs or activities that include doing repetitive overhead activities.
- Tennis players and baseball pitchers
- Painters and carpenters
Diagnosis
Physical Exam: A physician will look at your shoulder, test your range of motion and strength as well as perform special tests to determine the next course of treatment.
Imaging Test that may be ordered include:
- X-rays
- MRI
- Ultrasound
Treatment
Your physician will discuss a number of options with you and choose the best choice for you and your family.
Nonsurgical-
- Rest
- Activity Modification
- NSAIDS
- Physical Therapy
- Steroid Injections
Surgical-
- Open Repair
- Mini-Open Repair
- Debridement
- Arthroscopic Repair
