Spinal Osteoarthritis (Spondylosis) is a degenerative disorder that may cause loss of normal spinal structure and function. Although aging is the primary cause, the location and rate of degeneration is individual. The degenerative process of spondylosis may impact the cervical, thoracic, and/or lumbar regions of the spine affecting the intervertebral discs and facet joints
Symptoms
Most cases of cervical spondylosis are asymptomatic. If symptoms are present they may range from mild to severe.
- Pain in the neck, around the shoulder blade, along the arm and in the fingers
- Pain that increases while standing, sitting, sneezing, coughing, or bending the neck backwards
- Muscle weakness, making it difficult to lift the arm or grasp things
- Neck stiffness
- Headaches, mostly in the back of the head
- Numbness or tingling sensation in the shoulder and arms
- Loss of balance and control over bladder and bowel movements
Causes
Wear and tear of the cartilage and bones in the neck is the main cause for cervical spondylosis. This could be due to:
- Bone spurs that press against the spinal cord or nerves, causing pain
- Aging
- Dehydrated or drying spinal disks, reducing the space between two neck bones
- Herniated disks
- Injury to the neck
- Stiffer ligaments in the neck
- Overuse of spine
- Lifting heavy weight
- Repetitive stress such as holding the neck in an uncomfortable position for long durations
Risk Factors
- Family history
- Age
- Smoking
- Obesity
Diagnosis
- Your doctor will discuss your symptoms, review your medical history, and perform a thorough physical examination of your back.
- Imaging: X-ray and MRI
Treatment
- Although spondylosis is categorized as a degenerative condition, this does not mean that patients will eventually be wheelchair-bound. This is rarely the end result. While symptoms of spondylosis may last for a matter of several months or become severe, doctors who have prescribed conservative treatment for their patients have experienced a success rate of 75 percent. In fact, most patients can find relief from pain and other symptoms without surgery.
- Some conservative treatments include:
- Immobilization: The affected area may be braced to limit motion and relieve nerve irritation. This will also provide much needed rest and help promote relaxation.
- Medication: Non-narcotic pain relievers such as non-steroidal, anti-inflammatory medications (NSAIDS) may be prescribed to alleviate pain and help reduce swelling.
- Physical Therapy: Hot and cold therapy, a cervical traction device, or an exercise program may be prescribed to help relieve symptoms. Exercises may include neck and shoulder stretching, neck strengthening, and aerobic exercises. Gentle massages along with heat treatments and electrical stimulation may be introduced into the overall treatment plan to help control muscle spasms and pain. Exercise will greatly help the patient increase flexibility, build strength, and increase the range of motion.
- Healthy lifestyle: It may be advisable for patients to consider a marked change in their occupational activity if their type of work directly affects their condition. Of course, cessation of smoking and weight loss must be considered as well.
