Osteoarthritis is a degenerative joint disease that can affect any joint in the body. It is a “wear and tear” on the cartilage that protects and cushions the ends of the bone that happens over time until the bones begin directly rubbing on each other. Osteoarthritis develops gradually and usually presents in middle age.
Symptoms
- Symptoms develop slowly and worsen over time
- Pain and stiffness that worsens over time
- Inflammation
- Loss of range of motion
- Locking or sticking of the joint
- Cracking, grinding, or clicking of the joint (crepitus)
- Weakness
- Deformity at progressed stages
- Bone spurs
Causes
- Articular cartilage covering the ends of the bone breaks down and wears away after years of use
Risk Factors
- Middle to old age
- Obesity
- Previous injury to joint
- Family history of osteoarthritis
Prevention
- Maintaining a healthy weight
- Maintaining an active lifestyle
Diagnosis
- Complete medical history and physical examination
- X-rays to show extent of joint deterioration
- Lab tests to rule out other diseases
Treatment Options
Non-surgical:
- Lifestyle modification such as change in activity type and level
- Weight loss
- NSAIDs or corticosteroids
- Supplements such as glucosamine and chondrotin sulfate
- Physical therapy
- Orthotics or other supportive devices
Surgical:
- Arthroscopy- to clean out the joint space of frayed or loose fragments of cartilage
- Joint fusion
- Joint replacement
