A knee arthroscopy is a procedure involving making several small 2-3mm incisions through which a tiny fibro optic camera and other small instruments are inserted into the knee joint to inspect, diagnose, and repair problems in the joint.
Overview of the procedure
Several small incisions are made around the knee. A small scope (camera) is then inserted into the knee while the physician watches a magnified version of what the scope sees on a monitor. The scope itself is used to identify the location and extent of damage to the area. The damage can then be fixed by inserting small instruments into the joint to repair a tendon/ligament, shave down a bone, remove loose bodies, release scar tissue blocking movement, and many more procedures. Fluid is pumped in to enhance visualization and wash out debris. This is done as an outpatient procedure and only takes about 60-90 minutes in total (depending on extent of damage needing repair)
Pre-treatment considerations
This procedure is recommended for painful conditions that do not respond to non-surgical treatments
Must check to see if the patient has any other medical conditions, is on any medications, or has any allergies to medications.
Conditions treated with knee arthroscopy: arthritis, loose bodies, fractures, stiffness, scar tissue build up, torn ligament or tendon, cartilage issues, and many more conditions.
Post-treatment considerations and recovery
Placed in a knee immobilizer and given crutches
The patient will be placed in a recovery room for 1-2 hours before they are discharged to go home
Given pain medication and told to go home, ice, and elevate
The amount of time that the patient needs to spend in crutches and splint varies on what was performed during the arthroscopic procedure.
Physical rehabilitation is begun within the first few days to restore range of motion and strength
Patient must remain in hospital if an infection is suspected.
These small incisions take several days to up to two weeks to heal.
Pros and benefits
Since muscles and tendons are not cut, there is much less post-surgical pain, stiffness, and swelling. Therefore, the patient is able to heal and recover rapidly.
Cons, risks, and possible side effects
Infection
Neurovascular injury (nerves and blood vessels)
Stiffness
Bleeding
Failure of procedure
Need for more surgery
Loss of function
